The majority of Bhutan's population practices Vajrayana Buddhism, which is a form of Mahayana Buddhism. According to the 2021 estimates by the World Bank, Bhutan's population is approximately 773,000, and around 75% of the population practices Buddhism.

There is also a significant population of Hindus in Bhutan, mostly concentrated in the southern parts of the country. The Nepali-speaking Bhutanese, who make up around 20% of the total population, mostly practice Hinduism.

There are also small populations of Muslims, Christians, and other religious groups in Bhutan, each comprising less than 1% of the total population.

The Bhutanese government is committed to preserving the country's unique cultural heritage, including its religious traditions. The Constitution of Bhutan guarantees freedom of religion for all citizens, and the government supports the preservation and promotion of Bhutanese Buddhism as a key aspect of the country's identity.